Lub Evolution thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Headlights hauv Automotive Safety

Txij li thaum lub invention ntawm lub tsheb,teeb taub hautau hloov zuj zus los ntawm ib qho yooj yim txhais tau tias illuminating txoj kev thaum hmo ntuj mus rau ib tug sophisticated tivthaiv uas plays ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv automotive kev nyab xeeb thiab tsim. Raws li ib qho ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsheb, lub teeb taub hau tsis yog tsuas yog txhim khu kev pom rau cov neeg tsav tsheb xwb tab sis kuj ua rau cov tsheb pom kev zoo dua rau cov neeg taug kev, cov neeg caij tsheb kauj vab, thiab lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb - tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb qis, huab cua tsis zoo, lossis thaum kaj ntug thiab tsaus ntuj.

Cov hnub thaum ntxov ntawm lub tsheb taws teeb tau cim los ntawm kev yooj yim thiab kev txwv. Nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, thawj lub tsheb tau tso siab rau cov roj teeb lossis roj teeb, zoo ib yam li cov tsheb thauj nees. Cov teeb no ua rau lub teeb ci ntsa iab, uas muaj qhov pom tsawg, ua rau hmo ntuj ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo siab. Los ntawm thaum ntxov xyoo pua 20th, hluav taws xob taws teeb pib hloov lawv cov combustion-based predecessors. Thawj lub teeb taub hau hluav taws xob, tau tshaj tawm hauv xyoo 1912, yog cov qij taws uas siv los ntawm lub tsheb lub roj teeb, muab lub teeb ci dua thiab zoo ib yam. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo: lawv siv lub zog loj, tsim kom muaj cua sov, thiab lawv qhov ci ntsa iab ploj zuj zus mus.

Ntau xyoo dhau los, kev siv thev naus laus zis tau hloov pauv lub teeb taub hau tsim thiab kev ua tau zoo. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-20th caug xyoo pom cov kev taw qhia ntawm kaw-beam headlights, uas ua ke lub teeb, reflector, thiab lens rau hauv ib chav tsev. Qhov kev tsim no tau txhim kho durability thiab txo cov kev xav tau ntawm kev saib xyuas, vim tias tag nrho cov khoom sib dhos tau hloov thaum lub teeb hluav taws kub. Hauv xyoo 1980s, cov teeb pom kev zoo tau tshwm sim, tso cai rau kev hloov pauv tau yooj yim dua thiab zoo dua lub teeb faib. Cov teeb taub hau no tau cais lub teeb los ntawm lub teeb pom kev thiab lub lens, ua rau cov neeg tsim khoom tsim hluav taws xob tsim kom zoo nkauj, ntau dua aerodynamic tsim thaum ua kom lub teeb pom kev zoo.

Niaj hnub no, cov tsheb niaj hnub no tau nruab nrog ntau yam ntawm cov thev naus laus zis siab tshaj plaws, txhua qhov muab cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb. Halogen headlights, uas tau nthuav dav hauv xyoo 1970s, siv lub tungsten filament nyob rau hauv lub teeb uas muaj roj halogen. Lawv yog cov pheej yig, hloov tau yooj yim, thiab muab lub teeb pom kev sov, daj daj uas paub zoo rau cov neeg tsav tsheb feem ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis tshua muaj zog thiab muaj lub neej luv dua piv rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab.

Xenon HID (High-Intensity Discharge) lub teeb taub hau, tau qhia hauv xyoo 1990, sawv cev rau kev dhia mus tom ntej. Cov teeb taub hau no siv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm ob lub electrodes hauv xenon gas-filled teeb los tsim lub teeb ci, dawb uas zoo li lub hnub ci ntuj. HID headlights muab kev pom zoo dua, ntau qhov ntev, thiab qis zog siv dua li cov qij halogen. Lawv kuj muaj lub neej ntev dua, ua rau lawv xaiv rau cov khoom kim heev thiab kev ua haujlwm siab. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov nqi siab dua thiab muaj peev xwm glare rau cov tsav tsheb tom ntej yog qhov tsis zoo.

Qhov tseeb innovation nyob rau hauv headlight technology yog LED (Light-Emitting Diode) headlights. LEDs yog cov khoom siv semiconductor uas tawm lub teeb thaum muaj hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm lawv. Lawv muaj lub zog txuag tau zoo, siv txog li 80% tsawg zog dua li cov qij halogen, thiab muaj lub neej ntev heev - feem ntau ua rau tag nrho lub neej ntawm lub tsheb. LED headlights tsim lub teeb ci, dawb uas txhim kho qhov sib txawv thiab txo qhov muag qhov muag rau cov neeg tsav tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv qhov loj me tso cai rau cov neeg tsim khoom tsim cov teeb pom kev zoo nkauj, ntxiv rau lub tsheb qhov kev zoo nkauj. Ntau lub tshuab LED niaj hnub no tseem muaj cov cuab yeej hloov kho, xws li kev hloov kho pem hauv ntej teeb pom kev zoo (AFS), uas kho cov kev taw qhia thiab kev siv lub teeb raws li lub tsheb ceev, lub kaum sab xis, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, thaum tig, AFS tig lub teeb taub hau kom pom qhov nkhaus, txhim kho kev pom nyob ib puag ncig khoov.

Tshaj li kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, lub teeb taub hau kuj tseem ua raws li cov kev cai nruj kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txo qhov ci ntsa iab. Tsoom fwv thiab cov koom haum thoob ntiaj teb, xws li Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) thiab United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), tau teeb tsa cov qauv teeb pom kev zoo, kab teeb qauv, thiab kev tso kawm. Cov kev cai no txhawm rau sib npaug qhov xav tau kom pom kev txaus rau tus neeg tsav tsheb nrog kev tiv thaiv cov tsheb khiav los ntawm kev pom ntau dhau, uas tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag tsis pom kev ib ntus thiab ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib tsoo.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub teeb taub hau hauv tsheb kev nyab xeeb tsis tuaj yeem hais dhau. Raws li National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov tsheb sib tsoo tseem ceeb tshwm sim thaum lub teeb pom kev tsawg, thiab kev siv lub taub hau kom zoo tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov xwm txheej no. Ntxiv nrog rau kev teeb pom kev ntawm txoj kev, lub teeb taub hau tseem ceeb qhia tias muaj lub tsheb mus rau lwm tus, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv huab cua tsis zoo xws li nag, huab cua, lossis daus. Qee lub tsheb niaj hnub no tseem muaj teeb pom kev ua haujlwm nruab hnub (DRLs), uas yog lub teeb qis qis uas nyob twj ywm thaum nruab hnub.